Colon Cancer Awareness Month: Risks, Prevention, and Medicare Coverage

March is Colon Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about one of the most preventable yet deadly forms of cancer. Colorectal cancer, which includes cancers of the colon and rectum, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. However, with early detection, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical interventions, the risk of developing or succumbing to this disease can be significantly reduced.

The Scope of Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer affects both men and women, with the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimating that in 2024, approximately 106,590 new cases of colon cancer and 46,220 new cases of rectal cancer would be diagnosed in the United States. Sadly, around 52,550 people are expected to die from the disease this year.

Despite these numbers, survival rates have been improving, largely due to increased awareness, better screening methods, and advancements in treatment. When detected early, the five-year survival rate for localized colorectal cancer is around 91%, but this rate drops significantly when the disease spreads to distant organs.

Risk Factors for Colon Cancer

Understanding the risk factors associated with colon cancer is key to prevention. While some factors, such as age and genetics, are beyond our control, many lifestyle-related risks can be managed to help lower the chances of developing the disease. Awareness of these risk factors allows individuals to make informed choices about their health and take proactive steps toward prevention.

Several factors increase the risk of developing colon cancer, including:

• Age: The likelihood of developing colon cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in individuals over 50. However, in recent years, there has been an alarming rise in cases among younger adults.

• Family history and genetics: Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease. If a close relative has been diagnosed with colon cancer, screening may need to start earlier than the general guidelines suggest.

• Diet and lifestyle: A diet high in red meat, processed meats, and low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption contribute to a higher likelihood of developing the disease.

• Medical history: Individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis have an increased risk due to chronic inflammation in the colon. Those who have had colon polyps or previous colorectal cancer are also at a higher risk for recurrence.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing colon cancer largely revolves around lifestyle choices and regular screenings. Making conscious efforts to adopt healthier habits can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease. In addition to being proactive about regular medical check-ups, individuals should focus on overall well-being through diet, exercise, and avoiding harmful substances.

• Routine Screenings: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends regular screenings beginning at age 45 for average-risk individuals. Those with higher risk factors may need earlier or more frequent screenings. Screenings help detect precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer, making early detection a critical aspect of prevention.

• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help lower the risk of colon cancer. High-fiber foods promote healthy digestion and may protect against the development of polyps. Reducing processed foods, refined sugars, and red meats can further contribute to better colon health.

• Exercise and Weight Management: Regular physical activity is beneficial for maintaining overall health and reducing the risk of colon cancer. Engaging in moderate exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, for at least 30 minutes a day can improve digestion and regulate weight, decreasing cancer risk.

• Avoiding Smoking and Excessive Alcohol: Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are strongly linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake can significantly improve long-term health outcomes.

Colon Cancer Screening: What You Need to Know

Screening is the most effective way to detect colon cancer early, often before symptoms appear. Since colon cancer typically develops from precancerous polyps, identifying and removing these growths before they become cancerous is key to prevention. Regular screenings also improve treatment success rates by detecting cancer at an earlier, more treatable stage.

Common screening methods include:

• Colonoscopy: Considered the gold standard, a colonoscopy allows doctors to examine the entire colon and remove precancerous polyps. If no abnormalities are found, the test is typically repeated every 10 years.

• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) and Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): These non-invasive stool tests detect hidden blood in stool samples, which may indicate cancer or polyps. They are typically performed annually.

• Stool DNA Test (Cologuard): This test detects DNA mutations and blood associated with colorectal cancer. It is generally recommended every three years for those at average risk.

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Less invasive than a colonoscopy, these tests screen for abnormalities in the lower part of the colon. They are often used as alternatives when a full colonoscopy is not feasible.

How Medicare Covers Colon Cancer Screenings and Treatment

For those on Medicare, coverage for colon cancer screening and treatment is a vital benefit.

Medicare Coverage for Screenings

Medicare provides full coverage for a variety of colon cancer screenings:

• Colonoscopy: Covered once every 10 years for average-risk individuals, and every two years for those at high risk. Medicare covers this with no cost-sharing if the test is purely preventive.

• FOBT/FIT Tests: Covered once a year for beneficiaries aged 50 and older.

• Stool DNA Test: Covered every three years for those aged 50 to 85 with no symptoms or personal history of polyps.

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Covered once every four years for average-risk individuals, and every 10 years if a previous colonoscopy was performed.

Medicare Coverage for Treatment

If colorectal cancer is diagnosed, Medicare covers various treatment options, including:

• Surgery: Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital stays and surgeries related to colon cancer.

• Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Medicare Part B covers outpatient chemotherapy, radiation, and necessary medications.

• Prescription Medications: Medicare Part D helps cover the cost of cancer-related prescription drugs.

• Supportive Care and Follow-Up: Medicare also covers follow-up screenings, palliative care, and certain home healthcare services.

The Importance of Early Detection

Many people with early-stage colon cancer experience no symptoms, which is why routine screenings are essential. However, when symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Changes in bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation

• Blood in the stool

• Unexplained weight loss

• Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas, or pain

• Fatigue and weakness

Recognizing these signs and consulting a healthcare professional promptly can make a significant difference in outcomes.

Take Action: Get Screened and Spread Awareness

Colon Cancer Awareness Month serves as a crucial reminder to prioritize health and encourage loved ones to do the same. Here’s how you can take action:

• Schedule a Screening: If you’re due for a colon cancer screening, make an appointment as soon as possible.

• Encourage Family and Friends: Spread awareness by reminding others about the importance of early detection.

• Adopt a Healthier Lifestyle: Implement dietary and lifestyle changes to lower your risk.

• Stay Informed: Follow reputable sources such as the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for updates and recommendations.

By increasing awareness and taking preventive measures, we can significantly reduce the impact of colon cancer. Talk to your doctor today about screening options and take charge of your health!

If you have questions or need assistance finding a health plan, call one
of our Licensed Agents at
Trusted Senior Specialists. There is no cost or obligation for a consultation! 

We are available Monday through Friday from 8 AM to 8 PM CST,
and on Saturday by appointment.
You can reach us by calling: 1-855-952-1941 TTY: 711

By calling this number you may be connected with a licensed agent